Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, one of the most widely distributed nerves in the head. It is characterized by severe, stabbing, or electric shock-like pain in the areas of the face where the branches of the nerve are distributed, including the jaw, lips, eyes, nose, scalp, and forehead. The pain is typically felt on one side of the face and can be triggered by very mild stimulation.

Causes of Trigeminal Neuralgia:

• Blood Vessel Compression: The most common cause of trigeminal neuralgia is a blood vessel pressing against the trigeminal nerve as it exits the brain stem. This pressure can wear away the protective coating around the nerve (the myelin sheath), leading to abnormal and exaggerated nerve signals.

• Tumor: A tumor compressing the trigeminal nerve can cause similar symptoms.

• Traumatic Injury: An injury to the face or head can damage the trigeminal nerve, leading to this condition.

• Arteriovenous Malformations: Abnormal tangles of arteries and veins can compress the trigeminal nerve.

Impact on Life: Trigeminal neuralgia can make everyday life extremely challenging due to the intensity and unpredictability of the pain. Simple activities such as brushing teeth, talking, eating, or even a breeze against the face can trigger a pain episode. The fear of triggering this pain can lead to avoidance of daily activities and social interactions, significantly reducing quality of life. The condition can also cause psychological impacts such as anxiety and depression, driven by the chronic nature of the pain and its effect on sleep and general wellbeing. This condition can be treated with a trigeminal nerve block.