Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMD) is a disorder affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), which connect the jawbone to the skull. TMD encompasses a range of conditions that can cause pain and dysfunction in these joints and the muscles that control jaw movement.

Causes of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction:

• Jaw Injury: Trauma to the jaw or temporomandibular joint can lead to TMD.

• Erosion of the Joint: The disk that cushions the movement of the temporomandibular joint can erode or move out of its proper alignment.

• Arthritis: Various forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, can affect the temporomandibular joint.

• Chronic Grinding or Clenching of Teeth: Habitual grinding (bruxism) or clenching can put excessive pressure on the TMJ, leading to dysfunction.

Impact on Life: TMD can significantly affect daily life by causing persistent pain and discomfort, which can be exacerbated by basic activities like chewing, speaking, or yawning. The pain can sometimes radiate beyond the jaw to the neck and shoulders. Chronic TMJ disorders can lead to difficulties eating certain foods, which can impact nutritional intake and overall health. People with TMD may also experience headaches, ear pain, and hearing problems, further complicating daily functioning. This condition can be treated with injection of corticosteroids, nerve blocks, and botox.